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Keep in contact Don't miss out on news and tips for your travels. Subscribe to the ViaMichelin newsletter. Thank you! Anglo-Saxons soon crossed what is now the English Channel to southern Britain and established a series of kingdoms in what would eventually develop into the Kingdom of England by AD ; years later the Kingdoms of Poland and Hungary would also take shape.

With little interest in land acquisition, the Scandinavian Norse Vikings aggressively explored Europe for trade and riches.

The Normans a Viking people gave their name to Normandy, a region in northern France. Initially emerging in the first half of the 10th century, they had a significant impact on many parts of Europe, from the Norman conquest of England to southern Italy and Sicily.

By the end of the 15th century, great powers emerged in Europe, with England, France, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain playing predominant roles in global affairs from the 15th century onward, especially after the beginning of colonialism.

The European colonial period, the s to the mids, was the era when the European powers mentioned above established colonies in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European nations, at various times, controlled the Americas north and south , most of Africa, Oceania and large portions of Asia.

As people craved freedom across the globe, the European colonial era began to fall apart. Specifically the British Empire, the first genuinely global empire, began to lose its powers in Africa, India and much of the Middle East, and they soon crumbled away.

The enormous costs of both wars greatly contributed to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs, and some Eastern European countries have not yet fully recovered.

After the Berlin Wall came down on November 9, , and after the fall of the Soviet Union in , Europe certainly changed for the better.

Today, it's safe to say that Europe is a major economical and political center of power. As for its people, they are an innovative, optimistic and resilient group who changed our world for the better more than once, and surely they will do it again.

For additional geography details please use the yellow navigation bar at the top of this page. Note that some stats shown below are found in European Russia, even though that landmass is geographically considered a part of Russia, an Asian country.

The Russian landmass west of the Ural Mountains is commonly referred to as European Russia in most educational atlases, and by the vast majority of geography experts.

It is not a separate country, but rather called that because of its longterm political, cultural and geographical blending with the bordering European countries.

For reference purposes it is shown above, however, the entire country as a whole is still considered part of the continent of Asia. European Russia comprising roughly 3,, sq.

Its Eastern border is defined by the Ural Mountains and in the South it is defined by the border with Kazakhstan.

Europe is the planet's 6th largest continent AND includes 47 countries and assorted dependencies, islands and territories. In exacting geographic definitions, Europe is really not a continent, but part of the peninsula of Eurasia which includes all of Europe and Asia.

However, it's still widely referred to as an individual continent. It is separated from Africa by the Mediterranean Sea. A topographic map highlights hills, mountains and valleys of a specific land area by exaggerated shading rather than by using contour lines.

On this image, although small in size, you can easily see the mountainous areas of Norway and Spain.